弹性板水下爆炸冲击载荷的修正虚拟流体方法分析

研究非接触水下爆炸中板结构厚度和密度对冲击载荷和空化演变的影响.将近期发展的修正的虚拟流体方法推广应用于处理可压缩流体与弹性板结构的非线性相互作用.研究发现,假设结构不发生断裂破坏,较小的板厚度或密度可以减弱爆炸波对结构的冲击,冲击载荷随着厚度或密度的增大非线性地趋向于固壁边界下的结果.而且较小的板厚度或密度可以促使空化较早形成,产生较大的空化区,并推迟和减弱空化破裂对结构的二次冲击.     

基于激光拉曼光谱的水面油膜厚度测量方法研究

为了实现水体表面油膜厚度的快速非接触检测,基于激光拉曼光谱检测技术,搭建了水体表面油膜厚度拉曼光谱检测系统。以532 nm激光作为激发光源,以常见的柴油和汽油为例研究了不同油品的拉曼光谱特性,研究结果表明,油膜拉曼光谱响应特性与油品密切相关,相同油膜厚度情况下不同油品的拉曼光谱曲线有明显的差异,97#汽油在1 651 cm-1光谱强度要高于90#汽油。随着油膜厚度的增加,柴油316和1 451 cm-1光谱强度和汽油1 651 cm-1拉曼位移光谱强度增加,油拉曼光谱信号变强;根据油水界面拉曼光谱特征,设计了油膜厚度计算因子,实验证明随着油膜厚度增加,油膜厚度计算因子r_film呈下降趋势。可以将油膜厚度计算因子作为水体表面油膜厚度测量的一种依据。     

Quantum Anomalous Hall Multilayers Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

Quantum anomalous Hall(QAH) effect is a quantum Hall effect that occurs without the need of external magnetic field. A system composed of multiple parallel QAH layers is an effective high Chern number QAH insulator and the key to the applications of the dissipationless chiral edge channels in low energy consumption electronics. Such a QAH multilayer can also be engineered into other exotic topological phases such as a magnetic Weyl semimetal with only one pair of Weyl points. This work reports the first experimental realization of QAH multilayers in the superlattices composed of magnetically doped(Bi,Sb)_2Te_3 topological insulator and Cd Se normal insulator layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The obtained multilayer samples show quantized Hall resistance h/N_e~2, where h is Planck's constant, e is the elementary charge and N is the number of the magnetic topological insulator layers, resembling a high Chern number QAH insulator. The QAH multilayers provide an excellent platform to study various topological states of matter.     

一种新的基于频域有限差分方法的小周期有机太阳能电池的光电特性

由MoO₃/Ag/MoO₃ （MAM）组成的多层膜结构非常有希望替代ITO作为有机太阳能电池中的透明阳极.然而,基于MAM结构的有机太阳能电池光吸收能力较弱.为此,引入了一种小周期短节距金属光栅,利用表面等离子激元增强活性层的光吸收.借助于频域有限差分方法求解麦克斯韦方程和半导体方程,探讨了有机太阳能电池结构的光学和电学性质.分析结果表明：与平面结构相比,活性层中的光吸收大大提高;同时,当凹槽宽度为4 nm,能量转换效率提高了49%.相关结果有助于更好地开发和利用无ITO层的有机太阳能电池.     

自组织等离子体光子晶体的光谱研究

利用双水电极介质阻挡放电装置,在空气和氩气组成的混合气体气体放电中,观察到了一种由放电丝自组织而形成的等离子体光子晶体.该晶体的结构由多个四边形的晶胞构成.每个晶胞由中心点、交叉点及连线组成,分别对应细等离子体柱、粗等离子体柱和片状等离子体.利用发射光谱法,研究了处于不同位置的等离子体状态,以及等离子体参量随着氩气含量的变化趋势.通过采集氮分子(N2)第二正带系(C3Πu→B3Πg)发射谱线,分别计算出了不同位置的等离子体的分子振动温度.通过氩原子696.57 nm(2P2→1S5)谱线的展宽,研究了不同位置的电子密度.实验结果表明:不同位置的等离子体具有不同的分子振动温度和电子密度.即他们所处的等离子体状态是不同的.在相同的氩气含量下,粗等离子体柱、细等离子体柱和片状等离子体的分子振动温度依次增高,且均随着氩气含量的增加而下降.在相同的氩气含量下,粗等离子体柱、细等离子体柱,片状等离子体的电子密度依次减小,且随着氩气含量的增加而下降.因为等离子体电子密度不同,对光的折射率是不同的,因此在该晶体结构中,粗等离子体柱、细等离子体柱,片状等离子体具有的折射率是不同的,他们与周围未放电的区域自组织形成了结构比较复杂的等离子体光子晶体.     

介质阻挡放电中超四边斑图沿面放电的光谱研究

利用水电极介质阻挡放电装置,在氩气和空气的混合气体中,首次观察到了超四边斑图沿面放电,它是由中心点和暗点组成的。通过观察普通相机的斑图照片,可以发现中心点位于周围四个暗点的中心处。利用高速录像机对斑图进行短曝光拍摄,观察发现中心点对应体放电,暗点对应沿面放电,暗点由这些沿面放电形成。中心点和暗点的亮度有所不同,这说明中心点和暗点的等离子体状态可能不同。采用发射光谱法,研究了超四边斑图沿面放电的的中心点和暗点的等离子体参量随氩气含量的变化趋势。利用氮分子第二正带系(C3Π_u→B3Π_g)发射谱线,计算得出了中心点和暗点的分子振动温度; 然后通过氩原子696.57 nm (2P₂→1S₅)谱线的展宽,研究了中心点和暗点的电子密度。实验结果表明： 在相同氩气含量下,暗点的分子振动温度和电子密度均高于中心点的相应等离子体参量; 在其他实验条件不变的情况下,随着氩气含量从90%增大到99.9%,中心点和暗点的分子振动温度和电子密度均逐渐增大。结果表明中心点和暗点的等离子状态不同,说明二者的放电机制可能不同。     

Ab initio path-integral molecular dynamics and the quantum nature of hydrogen bonds

The hydrogen bond(HB) is an important type of intermolecular interaction, which is generally weak, ubiquitous,and essential to life on earth. The small mass of hydrogen means that many properties of HBs are quantum mechanical in nature. In recent years, because of the development of computer simulation methods and computational power, the influence of nuclear quantum effects(NQEs) on the structural and energetic properties of some hydrogen bonded systems has been intensively studied. Here, we present a review of these studies by focussing on the explanation of the principles underlying the simulation methods, i.e., the ab initio path-integral molecular dynamics. Its extension in combination with the thermodynamic integration method for the calculation of free energies will also be introduced. We use two examples to show how this influence of NQEs in realistic systems is simulated in practice.     

Dynamics of a three-level V-type atom driven by a cavity photon and microwave field

We discuss the dynamics of a three-level V-type atom driven simultaneously by a cavity photon and microwave field by examining the atomic population evolution. Owing to the coupling effect of the cavity photon, periodical oscillation of the population between the two upper states and the ground state takes place, which is the well-known vacuum Rabi oscillation. Meanwhile, the population exchange between the upmost level and the middle level can occur due to the driving action of the external microwave field. The general dynamic behavior is the superposition of a fast and a slow periodical oscillation under the cooperative and competitive effect of the cavity photon and the microwave field. Numerical results demonstrate that the time evolution of the population is strongly dependent on the atom–cavity coupling coefficient g and Rabi frequency ?_e that reflects the intensity of the external microwave field. By modulating the two parameters g and ?_e, a large number of population transfer behaviors can be achieved.     

An efficient continuous-wave YVO_4/Nd:YVO_4/YVO_4 self-Raman laser pumped by a wavelength-locked 878.9 nm laser diode

We report an efficient continuous-wave self-Raman laser at 1176 nm based on a 20-mm-long composite YVO_4/Nd:YVO_4/YVO_4 crystal and pumped by a wavelength-locked 878.9 nm diode laser.A maximum output power of 5.3 W is achieved at a pump power of 26 W,corresponding to an optical conversion efficiency of 20%and a slope efficiency of 21%.The Raman threshold for the diode pump power was only 0.92 W.The results reveal that in-band pumping by a wavelength-locked diode laser significantly enhances output power and efficiency of self-Raman lasers by virtue of improved pump absorption and relieved thermal loading.     

不同应变率下冰破坏特性的试验研究

为研究寒区流冰对水工/船舶结构的影响,需要获得不同流速冰载荷的特征,准静态下不同应变率条件下冰材料变形至破坏的特征就成为一项重要的基础性问题。为此,开展了低温环境应变率10-2s-1至10-4s-1下淡水冰的单轴压缩试验。试验发现:随着应变率减小,极限应力由18.51MPa降低至8.44MPa,达到极限应力后,试件承载能力由瞬间消失变为逐渐降低至稳态,试件破坏形貌由劈裂转变为周向膨胀,即由脆性转变为韧性破坏,转变应变率约为10-3s-1;在双对数坐标系中,单轴压缩强度随应变率的增加近似呈线性增大。通过对应力-应变曲线进行积分,给出了不同破坏形式下冰变形至破坏的临界应变能密度,发现脆/韧转变状态下加载至破坏所需能量最大,该能量特征主要由冰中微裂纹的萌生、断面摩擦、再结晶引起。